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What happens in a divorce proceeding?
A divorce (called a "dissolution of marriage" by the courts) is a way of legally ending a marriage. A divorce decree will decide:
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the date your marriage ends
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who gets custody of the children and when the other parent sees them
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who pays child support and how much
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who will pay health insurance for the children
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who should pay past bills
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how property (including retirement benefits) will be divided
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whether one spouse will pay spousal support to the other
Do I need a legal reason to get a divorce?
No, Oregon has "no fault" divorce. The only reason you need is that you and your spouse cannot get along, and you see no way of settling your problems. The law calls this "irreconcilable differences."
What if I just moved to Oregon?
In almost all cases, either you or your spouse must have lived in Oregon for six months before filing for divorce. In addition, the divorce must be filed in a county in which one of the parties lives.
Will I need a lawyer to get a divorce?
If the divorce is uncontested (if you and your spouse agree about all the terms of the divorce), you may be able to complete much of the divorce paperwork yourself, but probably will still want advice from a lawyer. If the divorce is contested, you will almost certainly need a lawyer.
Oregon law creates a "short form" Summary Dissolution proceeding for people with very simple divorce cases. If you meet all the requirements for a Summary Dissolution, you can get the forms at the county courthouse. You can probably do this type of divorce paperwork yourself, but you may want to have a lawyer look it over.
What do I need to do to start a divorce?
If you or your spouse have lived in Oregon for six months or longer, you need to do three things to start your divorce:
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You must pay or be excused from paying the fees that are charged for filing a divorce petition. There might also be costs for having your spouse served.
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You must file (turn in) a Petition for Dissolution of Marriage with the Circuit Court clerk’s office at the local county courthouse. The petition tells the court and your spouse what you are asking for in the divorce.
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You must have the petition and any other required documents served on (officially delivered to) your spouse. This lets your spouse know that a divorce action has been started and what you are asking for.
How do I serve the divorce papers?
If a lawyer is handling your divorce, he or she will have the divorce papers served on your spouse. If you are using "do-it-yourself" forms, the instructions will tell you what you need to do. Your spouse can agree to sign papers that say he or she has been served. Otherwise, your spouse must be served by either the sheriff or another adult (not you or your children).
If you are getting welfare or certain other public benefits, the Support Enforcement Division (SED) will also have to be served with the divorce petition. If you do not have a lawyer, or if the divorce forms you are using do not have instructions about this, you can call SED to find out how to serve them with the papers.
What if I am served with divorce papers?
If you agree with all the terms of the divorce as listed in the petition, you do not need to respond. If you want to challenge the terms listed in the petition, you must file a written answer (called a "response") with the court within 30 days after you were handed the papers. Contact a lawyer or your local legal services office to learn about what you can do. There is a court fee to file a response in a divorce case.
How much does a divorce cost?
Court costs and filing fees range from $100-300. The Circuit Court clerk’s office at your local courthouse can tell you the costs and fees in your county. If you cannot afford to pay the costs and fees, you can ask the judge to waive or defer your payments to a later date. You will need to fill out court papers that show your income is low and your expenses are more than your income.
If you hire a lawyer, you will need more money. The more complex the divorce is, the more it will cost. The more issues you and your spouse disagree about, the more work your lawyer will have and the more expenses you will have. Ask your lawyer to explain fee and billing procedures at your first conference. Be sure you know what the lawyer’s charges include.
If your spouse’s income is much higher than yours, the judge may order your spouse to pay your lawyer. If you have an income that would allow you to make monthly payments to a lawyer, call the Oregon State Bar Lawyer Referral Service or Modest Means Program for help finding a lawyer who offers payment plans.
How long does it take to get a divorce?
In 1999, there were changes in the laws on required waiting periods in a divorce. The length of time it will take you to get a divorce depends mostly on the complexity of your case. If you are filing for temporary orders, such as custody and child support, or if you and your spouse dispute the issues in the divorce, you may need to have court hearings. Court timelines can affect how long it takes to get the final divorce decree.
Can I take back my former name?
Yes. The judge must give you back a former name if you ask for it in a divorce.
This pamphlet was produced and distributed by the Oregon State Bar courtesy of Oregon's lawyers. It is based on Oregon law and is issued to inform, not to advise. It is not intended to apply to any specific situation.
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